Análisis de las funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes de la Escuela General Básica Emilio Abad Aguilar en la ciudad de Azogues durante el periodo lectivo 2021-2022

Abstract

The Executive Functions (EF) are a series of mechanisms involved in optimizing cognitive processes to guide them towards the resolution of complex situations. Furthermore, EF control and regulate behavior, which allows each student to execute actions and activities to build adequately their learning processes. The objectives of this research are to describe the profile of executive function development in students at the Emilio Abad Aguilar School in Azogues during the 2021-2022 school period, to describe the predominant subtest of the neuropsychological evaluation of functions executive functions in children and to determine the differences in the level of development of executive functions, according to the gender variable. The study was carried out using a quantitative methodology, with a descriptive scope, based on a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. It was used an inclusion and exclusion criteria to access a population of 65 students between 11 and 12 years old, for the measurement of the conceptual categories, the Neuropsychological Evaluation of Executive Functions in Children (ENFEN) was applied in person, which evaluates the level of maturity and cognitive performance in activities related to EF by applying four subtests. The results show that the neuropsychological profile was low, the students presented a higher performance in the Gray Trails subtest; in addition, no relevant difference was found in the results according to the sex of the participants.