Filosofía de la psicología: análisis crítico del mentalismo, conductismo, y psicobiología desde el emergentismo racional de Mario Bunge

Abstract

This research analyzes critically the psychological currents of mentalism, behaviorism, and psychobiology, from the philosophical perspective of Mario Bunge's rational emergentism. The methodology used is the bibliographic documentary study. The research findings show that rational emergentism is made up of four principles: materialism, systemism, emergentism, and psychoneural monism. Mentalism comes from the dualisms of Plato and Descartes, and from the psychology of the faculties. The schools of psychology based in this current are structuralism and functionalism, as well as the approaches of Gestalt, computational psychology, and psychoanalysis. The epistemology of classical behaviorism is the immature realism, and its ontology is the limited naturalism. Neo-behaviorism introduces intermediate variables and hypotheses in the postulates of psychology, abandoning the E-R orthodoxy. Finally, psychobiology understands the brain functioning based on three hypotheses: psychosystemism, functional localizationism (weak), and psychoneural identity theory