Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales con humedales artificiales para el recinto Fátima en el cantón San Fernando

Abstract

The Fatima enclosure is located in the San Fernando canton of the Azuay province in Ecuador. This enclosure, as well as most rural sectors of our country, lacks a wastewater treatment system, thus triggering the contamination of their water bodies, which is why it was decided to design a system of artificial wetlands with vertical subsurface flow to provide a viable alternative solution to this problem. For the design of this system, the water consumption record corresponding to the year 2019 of the enclosure was taken into account to calculate the flows, as well as the population growth rate to calculate the size of the population in 25 years, the time for which the wetland was designed and the methodology dictated by García and Corzo (2008) for the design of phyto-purification systems when there is no gauging campaign was followed. After the design, the graphic representation of the different structures that make up the system has been made in different plans, cuts and detail sections. An analysis of phytodepuration plant species was made, choosing the Scirpus Californicus species (cattail) because it is present in the study area, which allows to reduce costs for the acquisition of seedlings and reduce adaptation times in relation to other species. Simultaneously, a multicriteria analysis was made with the help of ArcGIS software to determine the optimal site, identifying 4 areas for the construction of the system. Once this information was obtained, a guide for the construction, management and maintenance of the wetland was prepared to guarantee the correct development of this project and its effectiveness during all its phases.