Diseño de una arquitectura de Middleware para la evolución de aplicaciones en el entorno del internet de las cosas (IoT)

Abstract

Smart environments enhance industrial and domestic processes through IoT, optimizing efficiency and sustainability, yet they face challenges in interoperability, modularity, and scalability due to technological diversity and the lack of regulations. Standardizing protocols is key to overcoming these obstacles and facilitating innovation. This paper proposes a software architecture that guides the creation of middleware for interacting with IoT devices. These middleware applications simplify the interaction between IoT devices and applications, enabling efficient implementation and operation in heterogeneous environments. The developed middleware will provide two main benefits: facilitating code implementation and managing device interaction during execution in dynamic environments. A modular architecture based on the microkernel was designed, incorporating design patterns such as Strategy, Factory, and Publish-Subscribe to ensure modularity, scalability, and adaptability in heterogeneous technological environments. Evaluation through a case study demonstrated that this architecture is efficient and effective in addressing IoT challenges, providing a useful framework for future developers and researchers in the creation of IoT applications. In the case study, a software prototype based on this architecture was developed, and tests were conducted that validated its efficiency, scalability, and fault tolerance. The results confirmed that the proposal effectively manages the interaction between IoT applications and devices, meeting high standards of functionality and quality.