Frecuencia y factores asociados de infección de sitio quirúrgico en pacientes apendicectomizados por abordaje abierto y laparoscópico en un Hospital de Loja, 2022

Abstract

Background: According to the “Instituto Nacional de Estadísiticas y Censos”, in 2017, in Ecuador, acute appendicitis became the main cause of morbidity, making appendectomy the most performed surgical procedure nationwide in its open and laparoscopic modality. Among the most frequent complications, Surgical Site Infection stands out, the result of which not only influences the patient’s health, but also increases the healthcare costs. Therefore, it is essential to know the frequency of presentation of this complication and to know the predisposing factors of patients to present it, to take measures to reduce its incidence. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Surgical Site Infection of open and laparoscopic appendectomy, and describe the main risk factors in the study population. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, observational, retrospective study was carried out. Statistical methods were used to present the results in tables with their respective analyses. Results: 61,15% male; 27 to 59 years old (40.12%); 59,87% single; students 40,13%; and 57,96% with adequate weight. The frequency of surgical site infection was 5,73%, which corresponded to the conventional approach. The necrotic phase was the dominant one with 46,50%. The 77,78% had surgical time longer than one hour and Diabetes Mellitus was not found associate. Conclusions: this discovery provides valuable information on the epidemiology and factors associated with the presentation of SSI in appendectomy patients, highlighting the dominance of other factors not considered.