Medidas preventivas en diabetes mellitus gestacional. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Background: GDM affects about 15% of pregnancies globally. The most effective and priority preventive strategies for GDM are lifestyle interventions, including dietary changes and increased physical activity. Therefore, it is necessary to provide education to women about the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet. Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence on different preventive measures used in gestational diabetes. Methodology: This is a literature review of observational studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, clinical trials, meta-analyses, literature reviews, and systematic reviews published in the last 5 years on preventive measures in GDM, searched in PubMed, SCOPUS, and the Virtual Health Library in English and Spanish. Results: 797 articles were found in the 3 digital databases; subsequently, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 44 articles were used for the review. Conclusions: GDM prevention involves early intervention recommendations, such as the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 and regular physical activity. The combination of diet and exercise is highlighted as the best preventive option. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation, inositol, and probiotics could offer benefits, although further research is needed for their inclusion in clinical guidelines. Identifying and managing risk factors, such as obesity, is crucial. A preventive and personalized approach during pregnancy is needed to mitigate GDM