Biopsia líquida en contraste con el antígeno prostático específico (PSA) en el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata en adultos y adultos mayores: revisión sistemática según las directrices PRISMA

Abstract

Background: currently the diagnosis of prostate cancer is made by puncture of prostate tissue after detecting abnormalities in the rectal examination or in the presence of elevated Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a technique such as liquid biopsy has emerged which allows the analysis of biomarkers extracted from body fluids, demonstrating a new approach to the diagnosis of prostate cancer (1). Objective: to synthesize the available evidence on liquid biopsy in contrast to PSA in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in adults and older adults. Method: retrospective observational study of Systematic Literature Review according to PRISMA. The process included the search for scientific evidence collected from articles published between October 2018 and October 2023 in 5 digital bases: Scopus, Ebsco, Pubmed, ScienceDirect and BVS on the usefulness of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in adults and older adults in contrast to PSA. The data collection instrument is a data extraction matrix in Microsoft Excel created Ad Hoc. The analysis and presentation of the information had two approaches, a quantitative one using descriptive statistics, and the qualitative approach was carried out by contrasting the information obtained from the 16 articles included. Results: some types of miRNA and proteins extracted from extracellular vesicles are useful as diagnostic biomarkers in prostate cancer as they present a sensitivity and specificity higher than 90%. Conclusions: liquid biopsy outperforms PSA in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.