Uso de los análogos de GLP-1 en la prevención de complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Revisión Bibliográfica

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease that is directly associated with disability and death. It is a public health problem that, with less control, morbidity and mortality rates increase every year. Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent chronic complication and accounts for up to half of the deaths in patients with type 2 Diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are hypoglycemic drugs that have benefits in the prevention of cardiovascular disease; however, their use in diabetics remains limited. The objective of this literature review is to describe the existing evidence on the role of GLP-1 RAs in the reduction of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 Diabetes. To this end, information was obtained through the Cochrane library, PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, after which a critical evaluation was made of previous research available in virtual libraries using the GRADE method. The selected articles met the inclusion criteria. The results obtained were that the use of GLP-1 RAs significantly reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) by decreasing inflammation, endothelial injury, and oxidative stress. Semaglutide, liraglutide, and exenatide reduced cardiovascular risk components and improved glycemic control, in addition to the rate of hospitalization for heart failure in the case of the first two. The main adverse effect was gastrointestinal disorders.