Determinación de la actividad bacteriana y antifúngica in vitro del propóleo proveniente de tres regiones ecuatorianas

Abstract

The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animals caused a growing antimicrobial resistance, the alternative use of propolis is effectives against resistant microorganisms because it has flavonoids and phenolic components. The objective was to determinate the antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro of propolis coming from three Ecuadorian regions (Costa, Sierra and Oriente). Initially, we prepared the ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) to 20% of each region. The microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and Malassezia spp., were identified, isolated and cropped in vitro of canine otitis patients. This study has two experiments each one had 5 treatments and 7 repetitions: EEP-Costa, EEP-Sierra, EEP-Oriente, antimicrobial (gentamicin or fluconazole) and control (alcohol). The effect of each treatment was valued in halos of inhibition of antibiogram (Experiment 1) and antifungigram (Experiment 2). In the experiment 1, gentamicin produced major (P<0,01) halo of inhibition (25,2 ± 0,46 mm). But, the treatments of EEP produced major (P<0,01) halos of inhibition against the control, getting the best results the EEP-Oriente with the major (P<0,01) halo of inhibition (23,2 ± 0,43 mm). In the experiment 2, all the EEP produced major (P<0,01) halos of inhibition against the fluconazole and control. Nevertheless, the best treatment was the EEP-Sierra with major (P<0,01) halo of inhibition (26,1 ± 0,45 mm). In conclusion, the Ecuadorian EEP to 20% performs effectively its antibiotic and antifungal action. In addition, the EEP-Sierra and EEP-Oriente produced best antimicrobial effects than the EEP-Costa. Therefore, the recommendation is to validate this antimicrobial effects in vivo in patients with local infections.