Polimorfismos de los genes ACTN3 y MYO1H y su asociación con las maloclusiones esqueletales. Una revisión de la literatura

Abstract

The ACTN3 gene encodes α-actinin-3 proteins that are located in type II muscle fibers and are involved in skeletal muscle function, whereas the MYO1H gene encodes class I myosin proteins of masseter fibers. The present review aims to discuss the findings in scientific literature about the association between skeletal malocclusions and the ACTN3 and MYO1H gene polymorphisms. PubMed, Scielo, BVS, AJO-DO, and Google Scholar databases were consulted. The literature indicates that jaws’ growth is modulated by muscle activity, which is determined by the interaction of genes with environmental factors. Furthermore, it has been shown that polymorphisms of the ACTN3 and MYO1H genes constitute a risk factor for skeletal malocclusions; therefore, their detection would allow early intervention to avoid the development of craniofacial alterations and consequently complex and expensive treatments.