Diagnóstico de enfermedades virales en Solanum betaceum (tomate de árbol) en los cantones Paute y Guachapala, provincia del Azuay

Abstract

In the cantons Guachapala and Paute, Solanum betaceum (tomate de árbol), is a fruit tree highly cultivated, and base of local economy. Just like another crops, the performance of this crop has been affected by different pathogens, such as: bacteria, fungus, etc. In addition to this problems, viral diseases symptoms has been observed, nevertheless, there are not studies that afford to know the etiological origin of theses. This research diagnosed by the molecular and the symptomatic way the phytopatogens viruses in tomato tree in the cantons Guachapala and Paute. Firstly, leaves with the most common symptoms of virosis were collected (chlorosis, mosaics, leaf deformation, blistering and mottling). Then of each tomato producer locality, a viral isolated were obtained and, it was inoculated in healthy seedling plants. The symptoms were development for eight weeks and after that, the morphological and molecular analysis was carried out. Morphological, the incidence and severity of each symptom was analyzed, where the leaf deformation was the symptom with the higher incidence 69,52% follow by blistering 54,35%. In the case of mosaics, chlorosis and mottles, the higher incidence observed was: 49,92%, 50% and 51,36%, respectively. According to the literature, the inducted symptoms by the different viral isolates belongs to viral diseases being the PLRV and PVY the main causals agents of all the analyzed symptoms. With the exception of leaf deformation, the AMV has been related with the others symptoms analyzed, and it is possible that the blistering is the product of the interaction between three causal agents: PLRV, PVY and ToMV. In this study, no one amplification was observed with the primers used.