Anemia por deficiencia de hierro en el embarazo. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

BACKGROUND: iron deficiency in the course of pregnancy is a situation with a high prevalence worldwide and is associated with a high rate of perinatal complications. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: to establish the prevalence, associated factors and adverse perinatal effects of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. METHODOLOGY: observational study, systematic review. Descriptive, analytical, retrospective, prospective and cross-sectional articles, published from 2015 to 2020 with quartile one to four, were included in the analysis. For the information search, databases such as: Lilacs, Cochrane library, Pubmed, Scielo, Medline, Trip database will be used. RESULTS: high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (ADH) during pregnancy (42.7%), normochromic normocytic anemia was the most frequent (68.9%), with a predominance in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, regardless of geographic areas. Sociodemographic factors were the most relevant determinants in the association of iron deficiency anemia risk, specifically in adolescents, residents in rural areas, low educational and socioeconomic level. Nulliparity was the obstetric factor with the highest probability of risk. The perinatal complications were IUGR, fetal death, hemorrhage postpartum and premature delivery as the most frequent events.

Conclusions: the literature consulted showed a high frequency of ADH during pregnancy, being associated mostly with sociodemographic factors, with important repercussions during the perinatal period. Limitations: limited access to relevant and quality information by economic category of the different articles consulted.