Prevalencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y factores asociados en adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años en consulta externa de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso 2017.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances in adolescents attending the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during 2017. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical design with identification of associated factors, the information was taken from a random sample of 310 patients. The data were tabulated and analyzed in the software SPSS15, the Pearson Chi - square test was applied to establish significant associations between variables and to test the hypothesis, for the risk test the Odds Ratio was used, determining those variables that are factors of protection and those that are at risk. Results: It was determined that 55.5% of the sample corresponds to the female gender and 44.5% to the male gender. 53.2% belong to the age group of 15 to 19 years, 58.1% live in rural areas, while 80.3% are in secondary school. The prevalence of licit psychoactive substance use is 33%; 90.6% of those participants who come from families with severe dysfunction consume psychoactive substances. It was observed that the migration of parents (31%), and the consumption of psychoactive substances in the social environment (32.3%) act as risk factors for consumption with a prevalence ratio of 2.27 and 2.49, respectively. whereas the association to a social group acts as a protective factor for consumption with a prevalence ratio of 0.491 in the group studied. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of consumption of psychoactive substances in the sample studied, which is related to factors such as the migration of parents and consumption within the social environment of adolescents. Emphasis is placed on prevention programs in the social environment of adolescents in the city.