Factores determinantes y métodos de diagnóstico de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos de la columna vertebral en administrativos. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: Human beings are susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), with workplaces being one of the spaces where they occur most. Objective: The study’s objective is to establish the most relevant factors and diagnostic methods of spinal related to MSDs in administrative cases. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out by searching for information in the databases of journals such as Scopus, SportDiscus through EBSCO, PudMed, and Taylor & Francis, published between the years 2018-2023 focused on MSDs of administrative personnel. Of 115 articles revised, 12 articles met the inclusion criteria; they came from journals that use the official languages of the United Nations, including English and Spanish. Results: After the analysis of the selected studies, it is established that the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was the most used diagnostic method for MSDs. In addition, they presented important information about the factors that cause them, such as: repetitive movements and factors due to ergonomic imbalances. They are directly related to this disease. Conclusions: It is concluded that among the factors that cause MSDs are: bad postural habits, repetitive movements, the functional design of jobs, sitting for long periods of time, and age; that the prevalence of MSDs occurs in the cervical and lumbar spine, and that the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was the most used diagnostic method.