Estudio de pre factibilidad técnica y económica para reducir el consumo de combustible en una empresa cuencana, mediante el uso de energía solar térmica (SST) en sus procesos industriales

Abstract

Resource scarcity and environmental impact pose significant challenges for industry, the third- largest global energy consumer, with 80% of its energy coming from fossil fuels. This study evaluates the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of energy transition in a food industry in Cuenca, Ecuador, through the implementation of a solar thermal system (SST) to complement the existing steam generation system. The system's design was evaluated through simulations using Polysun software, based on 2021 meteorological data from the 'Mariscal La Mar' airport. Components were selected considering their feasibility and suitability for simulation. The SST features an indirect exchange system with forced circulation and closed expansion, using pressurized water as the heat transfer fluid. Three performance scenarios were evaluated, with the optimal configuration consisting of 16 ETC collectors, a surface area of 48 m2, and a 20° tilt, which meets an annual demand of 15969 kWh and achieves a solar fraction of 44.7%. The orientation (33.4° south) and hydraulic circuit analysis were key to maximizing solar capture and minimizing thermal losses. The financial analysis, considering both self-financing and bank loans, showed positive results in both cases. Financial indicators such as VAN, TIR, and the B/C ratio confirm the project's profitability. The SST offers an annual fuel savings of $4110 and reduces CO2 emissions by 13 tons. Additionally, the Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH) of $0.09442/kWh positions the SST as a competitive and sustainable solution compared to traditional energy sources.