Características de la Fibrosis Quística en pacientes pediátricos que acuden al Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso durante el período 2022 a 2023

Abstract

Background. – In Ecuador, cystic fibrosis (CF) has an incidence rate of 1:11.252 live births, positioning it among the Latin American countries with the highest incidence of the disease. This condition is characterized by multisystem involvement, with complications such as chronic infections, malnutrition, respiratory insufficiency, and pulmonary issues. However, there remains a significant gap in understanding the specific clinical features of CF in the pediatric population within our region. Objective. – To determine the characteristics of cystic fibrosis in pediatric patients who were attending at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital from 2022 to 2023. Material and Methods. – A quantitative, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted. Data was collected from an anonymized database that included records of pediatric patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis at the institution during the specified period. The data were analyzed using SPSS-21, generating frequency tables, means, standard deviations, and ranges. Results. – Pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis presented multisystem involvement, with predominant effects on the pulmonary, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal systems. Colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the primary finding in 50% of cases, and the average number of exacerbations per patient was 3.38. Conclusions. – The majority of pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis are from Azuay province, most of them are female who were diagnosed at an average age of 2.84 years. All presented with pulmonary involvement, frequently colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and with pancreatic insufficiency. Exacerbations were more common in adolescents.