Prevalencia de los trastornos del habla en niños de 4 a 6 años en el Centro de Salud tipo C Materno Infantil y Emergencias del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), enero 2018-enero 2022

Abstract

Background: Speech sound disorders (SSD) are the inability to correctly produce the sounds and/or phonemes contained in a language, in addition, they are one of the most frequent difficulties in communication as it alters the intelligibility of speech in different degrees and can be diagnosed from the age of three. Having a speech sound disorder causes problems in interacting with peers, low self-esteem, school difficulties, bullying, lack of personal acceptance, conflict, frustration, isolation, shyness or sense of inferiority. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of speech sound disorders in children aged 4 to 6 years at the Centro de Salud tipo C Materno Infantil y Emergencias IESS, January 2018-January 2022. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional cohort; the universe is 692 children aged 4 to 6 years, who attended the "Materno Infantil y Emergencias IESS" Health Center, during the period January 2018-January 2022; a sample of 247 children was calculated. The results were analyzed with SPSS software, highlighting the importance of statistical values in the analysis. Results: The prevalence of TSH in the study population is 75.30%, with a majority in the male sex corresponding to 74.2%, a higher percentage of phonological phonetic TSH is evidenced with 64.5%. Conclusions: the data obtained indicate that the prevalence of TSH is significant, with a higher predominance in the male sex and a high rate between 4 and 5 years of age.