Frecuencia de VPH positivo en semen de varones con problemas de fertilidad, revisión de literatura

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Studies show that the prevalence of HPV infection in semen is significantly higher in infertile men compared to the general population, suggesting that male infertility may be associated with increased susceptibility or exposure to HPV. The presence of HPV in semen is associated with a decrease in seminal parameters such as motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, the infection can increase anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) and release pro-inflammatory cytokines, affecting both motility and DNA integrity. The infection originates from virions that can bind to the sperm head or tail, immobilizing them and affecting their motility. This binding can also transfer the viral genome to oocytes during fertilization, halting early embryonic division and increasing miscarriage rates. In the context of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), although implantation and pregnancy rates are not significantly affected, the presence of HPV in semen is associated with lower embryo quality and higher miscarriage rates in couples undergoing these treatments.