Injertos, sustitutos óseos, mediadores bioactivos para regeneración ósea: una revisión actualizada

Abstract

Objectives: Provide the clinician with an updated description of the various bone grafts, substitute materials and bioactive mediators available used for bone regeneration techniques. Materials and Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out, databases of reference systems Medline (Pubmed), Scielo, ELSEVIER and Google Academic were consulted, under a filter of articles in English, with dates of publications made less than 5 years ago and supplemented with manual searches of relevant recent articles representing original research or review articles. Results: Regarding horizontal and vertical bone gain through guided bone regeneration with grafts and substitute materials, the gain/reduction of bone defects and the presence of adverse effects, the material that generated the greatest bone gain was the autologous graft, however; This material had a greater number of adverse effects and complications at the graft site. This study demonstrated the absence of complications associated with platelet-rich materials alone or in combination; Growth factors, cell therapy and 3D printed scaffolds require further investigation. Conclusions: The variability of the results indicates that the search for the ideal material still continues. However, there are other factors (the skill of the surgeon, flap management, systemic and behavioral factors inherent to the host, etc.) at play to achieve the goal of regenerating sufficient bone tissue to allow the placement of a dental implant, therefore Future research should be focused on optimizing and adjusting the techniques taking into account the different micro and macro environments that each clinical case represents.