Prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo y factores de riesgo asociados en residentes adultos mayores del Hogar Cristo Rey de la ciudad de Cuenca. 2023

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is one of the most common problems in institutionalized older adults that affects quality of life and interferes with daily activities. The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated risk factors in older adults at “Hogar Cristo Rey” of Cuenca city. An analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out, in 87 older adults, applying a data collection form and Mini-Mental Test (MMSE). The data obtained were transcribed and analyzed in SPSS 25, Epi Info 7.2.6.0 and Microsoft Excel 2019 statistical programs, and interpreted using percentages, frequencies, chi-square and odds ratio with CI95%. As results, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 66.67%, the most frequent comorbidities were arterial hypertension, depression and diabetes mellitus II, in addition, statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found between cognitive impairment and the factors gender, polypharmacy and physical activity; the risk factors were female gender (OR 4.061; CI95% 1.580 - 10.440), the latter in the presence of mild impairment (OR 4.061; CI95% 1.580 - 10.440) and polypharmacy (OR 3.301; CI95% 1.293 - 8.425), the protective factor was physical activity in severe impairment (OR 0.164; CI95% 0.031 - 0.867). The prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults at “Hogar Cristo Rey” is considerable, which evidences the presence of this condition in institutionalized people, also association was found with gender, polypharmacy and physical activity.