Evidencia actual respecto a la seguridad y eficacia de los nuevos fármacos utilizados en el tratamiento de insuficiencia cardíaca con fracción de eyección reducida. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and is the leading cause of hospitalization in older adults, with a mortality risk of 50-75% at 5 years. Therefore, the use of new pharmacological groups that improve the quality of life of these patients was investigated. The general objective of this research was to describe the current evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of new drugs used in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This is a descriptive, narrative study, which used the PICO strategy applied to randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews published in the period January 2018-January 2022, in the Spanish and English languages, obtained from the Pubmed, Scielo, Cochrane.and Scopus platforms. Twenty-four articles were analyzed. The results indicate that angiotensin-neprilysin receptor inhibitors (ARNIs: sacubitril/valsartan) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (iSGLT2: empagliflozin and dapagliflozin) are safe and reduce HF hospitalizations, cardiovascular mortality and physical limitation in patients with HFrEF when compared with enalapril and other ACEIs; they are also beneficial in producing a decrease in biomarkers of poor prognosis and are associated with improvements in left ventricular function