Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su interrelación con la enfermedad de hígado graso no alcohólico

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have a high prevalence worldwide and frequently coexist, so that DM2 is an important risk factor for the more rapid progression of NAFLD, in turn NAFLD is an independent risk factor for the development of DM2, so knowing the bidirectional pathophysiology between these two clinical entities allows having a broader knowledge of the subject to improve the management of this type of patients. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the pathophysiological interrelationship between DM2 and NASH. To this end, a search was carried out in PubMed and 714 articles were found, with the subsequent application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles included in this bibliographic review were 33, including systematic and literature reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials and observational studies corresponding to the last 10 years. It was concluded that the mechanisms described, such as insulin resistance in different tissues and the role of lipotoxicity in the previous mechanism, have updated evidence in favor of them, despite the low degree of evidence. On the other hand, mechanisms such as the role of lipotoxicity in NASH progression and the role of cytokines in insulin resistance still need the contribution of more studies to find firm support for these theories in humans.