Interrelación entre la infección del tracto urinario como factor de riesgo para el parto pretérmino. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Background: Fifteen million children are born prematurely worldwide. These figures are associated with several factors, including urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI is a common health problem and it represents a risk of occurrence of 8% in pregnant women. Pathophysiology between preterm labor and UTI is unknown; however, an association with the inflammatory response to UTI has been assumed. Objective: To describe the interrelationship of urinary tract infection as a risk factor for preterm birth. Methodology: This is a narrative-type bibliographic review of observational, cohort, cross-sectional, case-control studies, meta-analyses, clinical trials, bibliographic reviews, and systematic reviews of the last five years regarding the interrelationship between UTI and preterm birth, researched in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Virtual Health Library, and SCOPUS, in English and Spanish. Results: 276 articles were found in the four digital databases; then, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 articles were considered, to then exclude 9 duplicates, obtaining 16 articles. Conclusions: Clinical characteristics were not fully exposed in the articles indicated. The main causative microorganism is Escherichia coli. Pathophysiology is not clear. However, some authors mention a possible association with inflammatory mechanisms in UTI; UTI is described as a risk factor for preterm birth. In addition, despite receiving treatment, the risk of preterm birth remains