Ultraviolet disinfection of water with UV-LED technology: study of inactivation kinetics and reactivation processes

Abstract

Access to safe drinking water is crucial for human well-being, but the lack of this resource represents a significant global challenge. Consumption of contaminated water greatly increases the disease risk, making water disinfection essential to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. Ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED)-based systems emerge as an up- and-coming option to address this issue. These semiconductor devices emit light in the ultraviolet range and present a design and materials that allow efficient applications in disinfection and other fields, standing out for their environmental friendliness and overcoming the limitations associated with mercury lamps. This research uses different wavelengths and reactors for UV disinfection to evaluate the inactivation efficiency of various microorganisms, including indicator bacteria, fungal spores, cyanobacteria, and microalgae. Significant challenges are addressed, such as variability in bacterial response and resistance of emerging microorganisms. In addition, the possibility of reactivation of microorganisms after treatment is investigated. This comprehensive approach contributes to understanding the versatility of UV-LED technology in water disinfection. It promotes compliance with quality standards, public health preservation, and sustainable water treatment innovation.