Alteraciones electrocardiográficas y su relación con complicaciones intraoperatorias y postoperatorias en pacientes mayores de 40 años hospitalizados en el servicio de cirugía del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca. 2023

Abstract

Background: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the complementary, non-invasive test most used for the assessment of preoperative cardiovascular risk in noncardiac surgical procedures because it is a cost-effective and widely available examination. Objective: To establish the prevalence of electrocardiographic alterations in the pre-surgical assessment of patients over 40 years hospitalized in the surgery service of the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso and to correlate these findings with the appearance of complications intraoperative and postoperative cardiovascular. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive and prospective investigation was carried out, with 309 patients over 40 years who were hospitalized in the surgery service of the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected for analysis. The data obtained were processed and tabulated with the program Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS, to obtain absolute and relative frequencies and prevalence values. X2 was used to relate the variables. Results: Normal electrocardiograms predominated, the main preoperative electrocardiographic alterations were left atrial overload, deviation of the cardiac axis to the left, asymmetric inversion of the T wave and alterations in the morphology of the QRS. There was a much higher incidence of postoperative complications (22.7%) than intraoperative complications (4.9%), both linked to electrocardiographic alterations. The risk factors associated with intraoperative complications were age, valvular disease, while with postoperative complications they were suffering from Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusions: Some electrocardiographic alterations, together with risk factors, show a close relationship with intra and postoperative complications.