Manejo odontológico en pacientes pediátricos con trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad: Revisión narrativa

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity and short attention span; where patients who suffer from it present dental caries, periodontal disease, trauma and other oral conditions that require special handling in dental practice; In this way, the present study classifies behavior management techniques in pediatric patients with ADHD according to the treatment to be carried out in order to know those with which good results have been obtained; by searching the literature in the Google Scholar meta-search engine and the PubMed database, the repositories and indexed journals were accessed; with the use of keywords, in all languages and time interval from 2016 to 2022; Finding 22 articles and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 were selected, among them systematic reviews, clinical cases, narrative reviews and clinical trials; that mention dental treatments of variable complexity with the use of pharmacological behavior management techniques (conscious sedation and general anesthesia) and non-pharmacological (tell-show-do, distraction, positive reinforcement, among others); As well as, several authors mention having special attention in pediatric patients with ADHD during the dental consultation and highlight that non-pharmacological techniques improve behavior in non-invasive procedures, however, in complex treatments conscious sedation and general anesthesia should be used, considering the medication children receive for the treatment of ADHD.