Primary stability with the Osseodensification drilling for dental implants in posterior maxilla region in humans: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: Currently, a new non-subtractive drilling technique has been developed, called osseodensification, which consists of using drills designed with large negative cutting angles that rotate counterclockwise, causing an expansion by a plastic bone deformation, compacting the autologous bone to the osteotomy walls and thus improving the primary stability of the implant (13,14). Purpose: This systematic review aimed to answer whether the osseodensification technique can increase the primary stability of dental implants placed in sites of posterior maxilla region, compared to the conventional drilling technique. Methods: 5 databases were used for this research until June 30, 2022, with the inclusion criteria, comparison between osseodensification and conventional drilling, with observational clinical studies, randomized and non-randomized controlled trials in humans, in vivo, measurement of primary stability by ISQ, in posterior maxilla region. The tools used to assess the risk of bias were Rob2 and Newcastle Ottawa scale. Results: 7 articles were included, 4 with low risk of bias and 3 with moderate risk of bias. The osseodensification technique presented values ≥ 68 kHz of ISQ in all articles compared to conventional drilling with a value of 58.49 (kHz), 5 articles p < 0.001 and 2 articles p > 0.001. Conclusion: this systematic review concluded osseodensification improves primary stability at baseline in low bone density bone, such as the maxilla, compared to conventional drilling.