Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento para las aguas residuales del camal municipal del cantón Girón

Abstract

Girón’s municipal slaughterhouse has a wastewater treatment system with a grid and two tanks for solids separation, which is not enough for a proper effluent treatment. Because of it, this work’s objective was to develop a design proposal for a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for this slaughterhouse. In order to that, three sampling campaigns and a characterization of the wastewater in the laboratory were carried on, the analyzed parameters were: total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (NT), total phosphorus (P), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), fats and oils, fecal coliforms (FC) and total coliforms (TC), these data were compared with the TULSMA environmental regulations. Through the bibliographic review, theoretical removal efficiencies were established, according to the treatment unit. Using the information of the physical space available in the establishment and the population growth, three different treatment options were sized and designed. The effluent characterization showed that the parameters: FC (1.20E+04NMP/100ml), BOD5 (13mg/l), COD (214 mg/l), TSS (1200mg/l) CF, exceeded the regulated permissible limit, which stablishes: FC (1.20E+04NMP/100ml), BOD5 (13mg/l), COD (214 mg/l), TSS (1200mg/l) respectively. Finally, according to the theoretical removal efficiencies and those calculated with CapdetWorks, it was established that the number 3 treatment option (grids, equalization tank, grease trap, coagulation/flocculation and Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket 'UASB') is the adequate, since it occupies an area of 23.03 m2, which is within the usable area in the establishment (34.73 m2), in addition to the fact that BOD5 is the base parameter for the design, this option presented a high BOD5 removal efficiency (94.20% calculated and 86.74% modeled).