Análisis y cuantificación de metales pesados (Cd, As, Pb Y Hg) en agua y sedimentos del embalse Mazar – proyecto hidroeléctrico Mazar

Abstract

The purpose of this project is the detection of heavy metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury and Lead), in water and sediment samples of the Mazar reservoir. The study site is located between the Sacre and Chaullayacu sectors, in the Guachapala Canton, Province of Azuay. The sampling methods used depended on the nature of the sample taken, in the bodies of water the inside determination of the physical-chemical parameters (pH, Temperature and Color) was carried out, then these samples were packed and sent to the Elicrom Cia. Ltda. Laboratory located in Guayaquil, where they were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results obtained showed the presence of lead in the water samples, with a value of up to 0.0098 mg / L; in relation to metals such as arsenic, cadmium and mercury no presence was found. While in the sediment samples the results were more evident, with higher values of each metal: Arsenic 9.5211 mg / Kg; Cadmium 3.8115 mg/kg; Mercury 0.0047 mg/Kg and Lead 15.7298 mg/Kg. The statistical analysis of the results was carried out by the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test with IBM SPSS software to determine significant differences between the sampling points, and by a comparative analysis of the maximum permissible limits given in the current TULSMA regulations. The research carried out reflected the presence of heavy metals in sediments and water of the Mazar reservoir, this presence may be due to various factors including the presence of inorganic residues in the channels of the rivers upstream.