Prevalencia de malnutrición y depresión en el adulto mayor y su asociación a complicaciones quirúrgicas en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso y Hospital José Carrasco Artaga, Cuenca 2012

Abstract

Introduction: increased life expectancy has increased the proportion of elderly (1). According to the National Census of Population and Housing, 2010 at the Azuay there are 55,835 older adults (2). Malnutrition in Chile has a prevalence of 46% (3), (4). The prevalence of depression in older adults, ranging from 10 to 27% (5). The postoperative complications are common in older adults and are associated with malnutrition and depression. Objective: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition, depression and its association with postoperative complications such as infection, wound dehiscence, hematoma, seroma, abdominal abscess, pneumonia and atelectasis, in older adults, in Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital and the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, Cuenca, 2012. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malnutrition, depression and its association with postoperative complications in older adults. The universe constituted 352 and the sample was 235. Was used for data collection based questionnaire, the Mininutritional Assesmet, Yesavage scale, complications were diagnosed clinically and by laboratory tests. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 19.0 statistical software, using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics RP was obtained (95%) and Chi square p value of 0.05 as significant. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition was 25.5% and 20.4% of the population at high risk of malnutrition, the prevalence of major depression was 27.7% and 34.9 mild depression, the prevalence of postoperative complications was 37, 4%, the most frequent surgical site infection and pneumonia 13.2%, constituting risk factors. Conclusions: Malnutrition and depression are a significant risk for postoperative complications in older adults. KEYWORDS: ELDERLY, MALNUTRITION, DEPRESSION, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, RISK FACTORS.