Prevalencia y factores determinantes del infarto agudo de miocardio en pacientes del área de cardiología del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca (Azuay) durante el periodo de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2019

Abstract

Introduction: AMI occurs as a result of acute obstruction of a coronary artery and is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. General objective: to determine the prevalence of AMI and determinant factors in patients of the Cardiology area of the José Carrasco Arteaga Cuenca Hospital (Azuay), during the period from January 2015 to December 2019. Methodology: cross-sectional analytical study in a population of 252 patients. A bivariate analysis was performed with their respective Odd Ratio, 95% CI and p-value < 0.05. Results: prevalence of AMI was 17.6%, mean age 65.7 years. Positive association was found with being male (OR: 2.4; 95 % CI: 1.3 - 4.3 %; p<0.002) and with lifestyle determinants: tobacco consumption (OR: 8.6; 95 % CI 3.1 - 23.6 % p<0.000), alcohol consumption (OR: 2.3; 95 % CI 1.3 - 4.0 % p<0.000), poor nutrition due to excess (obesity OR: 5.9; 95 % CI 2.4 - 10.2 % p<0.000) and biological determinants: family history of AMI (OR: 3.4; 95 % CI 1.6 - 6.8 % p<0.000), HT (OR: 1.7; 95 % CI 1.0 - 2.8 % p<0.04), type 2 DM (OR: 4.3; 95 % CI 2.3 - 8.2 % p<0.000), dyslipidemia (OR: 4.3; 95 % CI 1.6 - 4.7 % p<0.000). No association with social determinants was found. Conclusions: prevalence of AMI was 17.6 %, with a positive association with being male, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, family history, HT, type 2 DM, dyslipidemia.