Prevalencia y factores asociados de complicaciones posoperatorias en cirugía general del paciente adulto mayor, según la escala de Clavien-Dindo. Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca 2019 – 2021

Abstract

Background: The elderly have a higher rate of postoperative complications, being considered a high-risk age group for morbidity and mortality, increased hospital stay, reinterventions, additional treatments and increased costs. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of postoperative complications in General Surgery of the elderly, according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. Cuenca 2019-2021. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical observational study was carried out to study postoperative complications according to Clavien-Dindo in 180 elderly who underwent surgery at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 25.0 program. The characterization of the population was carried out using descriptive statistics, for the association the OR was used, with its 95% IC and p value <0.05. Results: The most frequent age was 65 to 84 years (86.10%), 55.60% female. 67% present associated comorbidity: cardiovascular (43.30%), endocrine metabolic (33.90%) and pulmonary (16.10%). 52.20% were overweight and 15.60% had grade I obesity. 42% developed some type of postoperative complication in a period of 30 days after the intervention, the most common being mortality (32%), Clavien-Dindo grade II 25, 33%, grade I 20%, grade III B 6.67%, grade IV A 4% and grade IV B 12%. Endocrine-metabolic comorbidity OR 2.65 (IC 95% 1.41-5.03), hypoalbuminemia OR 7.91(IC 95% 4.01-15.6) and prolonged surgical time OR 6.85 (IC 95% 3.37-13.95), these association was statistically significant. Conclusions: Postoperative complications in the elderly are related to endocrine-metabolic comorbidity, hypoalbuminemia and prolonged surgical time.