Terapéutica en patología adenoidea hipertrófica: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: During development in the nasopharynx, there is an increase in the number and size of lymphoid tissue cells, which causes an increase in the size of the adenoids considered normal; however, when the growth is exaggerated, its large size can produce a mechanical obstruction of the airflow passage, thus developing pathology, knowing as adenoid hypertrophy. Regarding treatment, topical nasal steroids are the most effective drugs to control symptoms related to allergic rhinitis, most commonly nasal congestion.

Objective: To determine the therapy in hypertrophic adenoid pathology.

Method: A bibliographic review of original scientific articles, systematic reviews and gray literature corresponding to the last five years was carried out in Spanish, Portuguese and English; on qualified search engines such as: Dynamed, Cochrane Plus, Medline, Lilacs, Cinalh, Elsevier and ProQuest.

Results: 22 articles were analyzed; of these 80% agree that this pathology occurs more in pediatric ages, in 100% of all studies adenoidectomy was recognized as the most used therapeutic in adenoid hypertrophy. In mild cases, clinical management with nasal corticosteroids is the most widely used, otitis media was the most common complication associated with this pathology.

Conclusions: the prevalence of hypertrophic adenoid pathology is higher in the pediatric population; the most used therapy is adenoidectomy; although in mild and non-recurrent cases, management with topical nasal corticosteroids has good results with few systemic effects.