Alteraciones en el perfil hematológico en personas expuestas a benceno de forma ocupacional y ambiental

Abstract

Benzene is a toxic chemical for humans, coming from sources natural and industrial, which has caused hematological alterations in people exposed, for this reason, an information extraction was carried out from articles with exposure reports, specifying their hematological values, concentration at blood, environmental and urinary level, and methods for determining biomarkers of exposure, in adults exposed occupationally and/or environmentally, in articles published worldwide from January 2010 to January 2021. The design methodological corresponded to a systematized bibliographic review of a narrative type, using the search, extraction and evaluation, synthesis and analysis phases, being their results statistically analyzed through SPSS software. In the results obtained, a majority report of the population without blood alterations was evidenced with 60%, however, 40% of articles did report alterations, being the main, anemia, leukopenia, erythropenia and thrombocytopenia, from sources industries such as oil companies and gas stations, with a predominance of countries such as China and Egypt. In addition, a mean association was determined between the years of exposure and the appearance of blood disorders, however, an inverse correlation was established between years of exposure and platelet level disease. Finally, the present Research serves as a contribution to industrialists and workers who are constantly exposure to benzene on the essential use of personal protective equipment, the importance of determining exposure biomarkers and thus avoiding the alterations described above.