Unicystic ameloblastoma: Literature review

Abstract

The unicystic ameloblastoma (UA), represents an invasive polymorphic lesion whose origin is currently unknown, but it is presumed to form from the epithelial remains of the Malassez from the epithelial sheath of Hertwig. It represents the second most prevalent odontogenic tumor, which is characterized by being locally invasive and of high recurrence. It usually presents a predilection for the male sex, affecting during the second and third decade of life. Clinically, it is asymptomatic, however, it can generate swelling with facial asymmetry, causing an expansion of the bone cortical, allowing infiltration into soft tissues. Radiographically, UA presents with a well-defined radiolucent unilocular appearance and histologically can be luminal, intraluminal and mural, depending on the characteristics of the pathological cavity. Treatment usually focuses on surgical resection of the lesion, which allows removal of the tumor with safe bone margins.