Prevalencia de ictericia neonatal y factores asociados en recién nacidos en el Centro de Salud Carlos Elizalde, periodo enero 2019 – diciembre 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Neonatal jaundice affects approximately 60% of term newborns and 80% of preterm newborns, due to increased indirect bilirubin production in most cases; It can then be considered a physiological process not associated with pathology, however, when bilirubin levels are relatively high, they can cross the blood-brain barrier and consequently cause damage to the brain tissue. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of neonatal jaundice and associated factors in newborns at the Carlos Elizalde Health Center, period January 2019-December 2020. METHODOLOGY: The present investigation was descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional. To obtain the data, the RDACAA Management System (Automated Daily Registry of Outpatient Consultations and Attention) of the Ministry of Public Health was used. A review of the medical records of both mothers and newborns was carried out. For the tabulation of the data obtained, the IBM SPSS Statistics software was used. The universe was made up of all the newborns treated at the Carlos Elizalde Health Center who met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: 203 neonatal medical records were analyzed, of which 49% presented clinical jaundice. The predominant jaundice was physiological in 73%. The main associated factors were: age (0-7 days) and ABO type incompatibility. No relationship was found with maternal factors, sex, gestational age, weight according to gestational age, Rh incompatibility and other pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal jaundice predominant was physiological with 73%, the main risk factor being ABO incompatibility with 10%.