Validación de la ecografía para el diagnóstico de la litiasis renal en pacientes adultos jóvenes del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, 2021

Abstract

Background Urotomography is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of kidney stones, however, ultrasound has proven to be an effective tool due to its safety, reproducibility, accessibility and low cost. Objective To establish the validity of ultrasound in comparison with urotomography for the diagnosis of renal lithiasis, in young adult patients who attend the emergency service of the Hospital “José Carrasco Arteaga” in the city of Cuenca, in the year 2021. Methodology The validation of the diagnostic test of ultrasound and urotomography for renal lithiasis was applied to 225 young adult patients, during the months of January-March 2021. Results Of 225 patients, the highest frequency was 24-29 years; men reached 59.56%. Renal lithiasis by ultrasound had a frequency of 77.33%, the stone in the calyces, 98.28%, its size between 1-6mm, 78.16%; hydronephrosis reached 37.36%, Grade 1, 53.85%. In urotomography, 79.11% presented nephrolithiasis; the stone was located in the calyces, 93.26%, and its size between 1-6mm, 80.90%; hydronephrosis was presented in 34.27%, 55.74%, in Grade 1. Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 94.94%, specificity of 89.36%, a positive predictive value of 97.17%, negative 82.55%, Youden index, 0.84, likelihood ratio, 8.92 and Kappa Cohen (0.817; p = 0.000). Conclusion: Ultrasound is valid in the diagnosis of kidney stones in young adults.