Parto pretérmino y validez de la cervicometría. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

BACKGROUND: preterm delivery (PP) is one of the main obstetric complications of multifactorial origin, with great impact on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, thus requiring timely diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence, associated factors, validity of cervicometry and association with preterm delivery. METHODOLOGY: observational study, systematic review. Included studies published in the last 5 years, without language discrimination, quality of evidence quartile 1 to 4, methodological designs such as validation tests, analytical, descriptive and/or cross-sectional. The information search was performed in electronic databases such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library Plus, Embase and Scopus. RESULTS: the prevalence of preterm delivery showed variable figures, ranging from 6% to 54%. History of preterm delivery and obstetric pathologies were the most relevant risk factors in the occurrence of preterm delivery, specifically preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes and obstetric hemorrhage (p <0.001). There was significant association between cervical shortening ≤ 25 mm and preterm delivery (p <0.001). Cervical length showed high specificity in detecting preterm labor, however, sensitivity was very limited at 76% and 99% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical length ≤ 25 mm showed a statistical association in predicting preterm delivery, with high specificity, but sensitivity was limited. LIMITATIONS: accessibility to articles by economic items. Great variability in populations studied, different cohorts of cervical length and weeks of gestation at follow-up.