Actualización en el uso de sulfato de magnesio en obstetricia. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Magnesium sulfate is a drug widely used in obstetrics for its anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, antineuroinflamatory and fetal neuroprotection effects, thus contributing to the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality. Objective: describe maternal and neonatal benefits, complications, symptoms and signs of the use of magnesium sulfate in the obstetric field Methodology: observational study, systematic review. Controlled clinical trials, systematic reviews, analytical and descriptive studies were included. The articles analyzed were published in the last five years as quartile evidence 1 to 3, in English and Spanish, and extracted from electronic bases such as Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs and Cochrane Result: Inhibition of seizures was the main beneficial effect in pregnant women after the administration of magnesium and especially premature neonates, this drug was found to be a protective factor in the occurrence of cerebral palsy and intraventricular hemorrhage. Hypotension and hyporeflexia were the most frequent signs of intoxication. Regarding maternal complications, the most common included: renal failure, acute lung edema and postpartum hemorrhage, and in neonatal disorders, bradycardia was described as the most common. Conclusions: magnesium sulfate showed multiple benefits during perinatal administration, especially in the management of seizures and fetal neuroprotection; Although adverse events were evidenced, its benefits outweigh the risks inherent in its use. Limitations: the difficulty of access to high quality information due to its high economic categories.