Factores de riesgo asociados a nefropatía diabética estadios IV y V en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca, 2018-2019

Abstract

Background: The correct detection and intervention of diabetic nephropathy (ND) by identifying factors that affect its progression is crucial to reduce its morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the risk factors for deterioration of kidney function in patients with stage IV and V diabetic nephropathy, at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, Cuenca 2018-2019. Methodology: An analytical study of cases and controls was carried out, with the medical records of 462 patients seen from 2018 to 2019 in the outpatient Nephrology and Endocrinology consultation of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, with the approval of the Bioethics Committee. The data were collected in a form designed for this purpose and analyzed with SPSS version 15.0. Simple, double-entry tables and the statistician (OR) were used to measure the relationship between the presence of diabetic nephropathy and risk factors. Results: The mean age was 66.95 years, predominating men and older adults, mixed ethnicity (98.3%), basic level of education (51.5%) and married (67.7%). Risk factors such as secondary hyperparathyroidism, arterial hypertension (HTA), hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, smoking, obesity, poor metabolic control, and hypocalcemia are risk factors for DN in the study patients, while dyslipidemia, the absence of statin and ARM use are not presented as risk factors for ND. Conclusions: Biochemical indicators are more altered in patients with DN; bad habits (smoking); chronic pathologies (hypertension, obesity) and poor metabolic control lead to deterioration of kidney function.