Estado nutricional de niños menores de 5 años con cardiopatías congénitas y factores asociados. Servicio de cardiología pediátrica del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca, Ecuador. 2019

Abstract

Background: The approach to nutritional status in children with congenital heart disease is of vital importance since they represent a group that is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition, which can probably be associated with different factors. Objective: To determine the nutritional status in children less than 5 years of age with congenital heart defects and the associated factors in patients admitted to the Pediatric Cardiology Service of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, 2019. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional analytical study with a universe of 216 patients with congenital heart disease admitted to the Pediatric Cardiology Service, the information was collected in a form designed by the author. Nutritional status was assessed using the WHO anthropometric indices. The data were analyzed in the SPSS.15 program through descriptive analysis and chi square and OR were used, with a 95% confidence interval and p <0.005 to obtain the association between the variables. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition was 13.9%. The factors associated with malnutrition were lack of breastfeeding (OR 3.971; CI 1.787-8.822; p 0.000), low maternal education (OR 3.229; CI 1.461-7.137; p 0.003) and the presence of genetic syndrome (OR 9.292; IC 3.074-28.126; p 0.000) Conclusions: Malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease is 13.9% and it is associated with lack of breastfeeding, low maternal education and genetic syndromes.