Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a lesiones premalignas-malignas de cuello uterino en el Centro de Salud Uncovia. Años 2018 y 2019. Cuenca, 2020

Abstract

Background: The early detection of premalignant or malignant lesions of the cervix through the Pap smear has reduced the incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer. This early detection allows a timely treatment of these precancerous lesions and epidermoid carcinomas in situ. Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with malignant-premalignant cervical lesions in patients treated in the period 2018-2019. Methodology: A retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted with the results of the PAP test collected in the clinical histories of 242 patients attended from 2018 to 2019 at the UNCOVIA Health Center. The data were collected in a questionnaire conducted for this research and analyzed in the statistical package SPSS v 21. Simple, double-entry tables and statisticians (OR and X2) were used to measure the relationship between the prevalence of cervical-uterine lesions and risk factors. Results: The average of age was 32,76 years, generally between 19 and 38 years old (76.8%), of the mestizo ethnicity (97.1%), with second level of education mainly (66.1%) and free union prevailed (50.4%). The prevalence of premalignant-malignant lesions was 5%, with ASCUS predominant. A cytology test every 4 or more years and having begun sexual life before the age of 18 were statistically significant risk factors (p<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of cervical lesions was low, the most influential risk factors being the delay in performing the cytology test (more than 3 years) and the onset of sexual intercourse before the age of 18.