Determinación de sodio mediante recordatorio de 24 horas y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en sal de niños de 7 a 12 años que presentan fluorosis dental de la zona rural del cantón Cuenca

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate sodium consumption trough the 24-hour recall and the frequency of consumption of foods rich in salt with children between 7 and 12 years old, who presented dental fluorosis in rural parishes of Cuenca canton. A descriptive study was applied in fifty children distributed in the different parishes (Cumbe, Paccha, Quingeo and Victoria del Portete), the 24- hour reminder and the food consumption frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were applied to obtain the data of sodium intake and characterize salt consumption habits in children using the NOVA classification. The data obtained from both surveys were analyzed using the Stata version 14 statistical program. As results, in the FFQ a list of 41 foods was obtained, grouped into processed and ultraprocessed, of which it was observed that some contributed significant amounts of sodium to the diet, as is the case of guinea pig (1301,1 mg Na/100g of food), sunflower seeds with added salt (2315,8 mg Na/100g of food), snacks and fried mortadella (1086,5 mg Na/ 100g of food), the latter with a lower frequency of consumption. In the 24-hour recall, an average intake of 2381,8 ±839,9 mg Na/day was observed for the total population. There was no significant with respect to the categorical variables of age and parish, on the other hand, in the variables sex and degree or fluorosis there was a statistically significant difference. In conclusion, the groups of processed and ultra-processed foods were those that provided the highest sodium intake to the children’s diet, and there was a higher sodium consumption in the participants above that recommended by World Health Organization. These results will contribute to the project “Evaluation of salt consumption habits and the relation with dental fluorosis in schoolchildren in rural parishes of the Cuenca canton