Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas del personal de enfermería sobre la tuberculosis pulmonar. Distrito de salud 01D02 Cuenca 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the pulmonary tuberculosis is considered as a public health problem, because it is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. The control of pulmonary tuberculosis in a medical institution creates several obstacles in the area of nursing; such as the requirement of specialized equipment, the patient needs continuous control, and the most important, the risk of contagion to the medical and nursing staff, Since, they are directly involved both in the prevention and recovery of the patient who carries the disease. For years, the nursing area has had to face different complications when treating patients who have this disease, so the staff could show negative attitudes towards this pathology. OBJECTIVE: to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nursing staff about pulmonary tuberculosis. Health district 01D02 Cuenca 2019. METHODOLOGY: It is aimed on quantitative cross-sectional approach study, with a universe of 92 nurses, we worked with 79, for the data collection a questionnaire divided into four sections. It was applied as follows: the first part contains the socio demographic data, The second section presents 20 multiple-choice questions that evaluated the staff's knowledge about pulmonary tuberculosis, the last two parts are two Likert - type questionnaires: one with 22 questions with which attitudes were evaluated and the other with ten questions to evaluate the practices. These data were subsequently analyzed in the SPSS version 26.0 program and the results are represented by simple frequency tables using the Microsoft Excel program. RESULTS: From the tabulation of the data, obtained through the surveys, it was gotten that of all the professional nursing staff; 25.3% (n = 20) belong to the age group between 31 and 35 years of age, 97.5% (n = 77) belonging to the female sex, 53.2% (n = 42) work in health homes In the urban area, 55.6% (n = 44) have a time of experience between 1 month to 5 years, in addition 89.9% (n = 71) has a third level degree, of the total sample 70.89% ( n = 56) showed average knowledge about pulmonary tuberculosis, in addition that 75% (n = 59) presented positive attitudes and finally 53% (n = 42) showed excellent practices when caring for a patient with tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: The professional staff, in charge of the nursing area of the Health District 01D02, have a medium level of theoretical knowledge about pulmonary tuberculosis, in terms of attitudes they have a positive attitude, and that in relation to the practices they demonstrated to perform good practices.