Factores asociados a síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del recién nacido del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Estudio de casos y controles

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory Difficulty Syndrome is the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn. Pathology and its associated factors, must be known for timely and effective management. OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with Respiratory Difficulty Syndrome of newborns at the “José Carrasco Arteaga” Hospital in 2018. METHODS: Study of cases and controls with a ratio of 1: 2 matched respect to sex and month of birth. It was compared in relation to weight, maternal age, Apgar, prenatal controls, gestational age, type of delivery, maternal pathology, presence of meconial fluid and antenatal use of corticosteroids. The association was evaluated by OR (95% CI) and significance with the chi-square test; considering a statistical significance at p <0.05. RESULTS: 188 cases and 376 controls were studied. Respiratory Difficulty Syndrome had a positive association with low weight and macrosomia (OR 8.15 CI 0.91-73.46 p 0.00); prematurity and post-maturity (OR2.05 IC 1.29-3.27 p 0.00); cesarean birth (OR 2.74 CI 1.88-4.01 p 0.00); presence of meconial fluid (OR 5.30 IC 2.75-10.22 p 0.00); gestational hypertension (OR 2.25 IC 1.23 -4.10 p 0.01); gestational anemia (OR 2.06 CI 1.30 -3.27 p 0.00). The use of antenatal corticosteroids was protective (OR 0.33 IC 0.17-0.62 p 0.00). CONCLUSION: The factors associated with Respiratory Difficulty Syndrome in the newborn were those indicated.