Propuesta de modelo táctico de implementación de Industria 4.0 para la generación de ventaja competitiva en las Pymes ecuatorianas

Abstract

Businesses are changing by leaps and bounds, customers want to interact in the process and design products and services. Processes in industries, especially in the SMEs, are maintained since the last century, which highlights the lack of development of new technologies in the sector. The initiation of the fourth industrial revolution is based on the massive use of the internet and digitalization. Ecuadorian SMEs must optimize processes and satisfy the client in a dynamic, flexible and efficient way. This study pretends to determine a tactical model of implementation of Industry 4.0, with which Ecuadorian SMEs guarantee a competitive advantage front to the others. The model is based in eight technologies presented as fundamental pillars within of the fourth industrial revolution. The technologies are divided into three segments, also, the XaaS (anything as a service) as a commercial concept and the evolution of connectivity are added. Segment of connection technologies (Cloud Computing - Cybersecurity) are responsible of the security, storage, connectivity and availability. Segment of interaction technologies (IoT - Big Data - Augmented Reality - B2B Platform and B2C) guarantee direct internal and external communication, and improve customer experience. Segment of emerging technologies (Additive Manufacturing - Collaborative Robotics) provide customization and automation. It is a great transformation opportunity for Ecuadorian SMEs with a minimum investment. This is due to the availability and the access of technologies in the country under the XaaS concept and the price reduction of technology.