Frecuencia de cáncer de pulmón en pacientes diagnosticados en SOLCA y su relación con la exposición a radón residencial en las parroquias urbanas de la ciudad de Cuenca en el periodo 1994-2018.

Abstract

Background: Radon, being a radioactive gas with a tendency to accumulate in homes, environmental engineers from the city of Cuenca, made the first map of radon concentration in the urban parishes of that city; we base ourselves to show the cases coming from these parishes and the relationship with the gas concentration, taking into account sociodemographic variables and the clinical history. Objective: to determine the frequency of cases of lung cancer diagnosed in SOLCA-Cuenca and its relation with the exposure to residential radon in the urban parishes of the city. Methodology: descriptive, retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study in 153 clinical histories of lung cancer diagnosis that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and the data were collected in virtual forms. The results were analyzed and processed in SPSS 22.0 and frequency distribution, measures of central tendency (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) were used. Results: the frequency of cases was 153, 54.9% corresponded to the male sex, 52.3% were diagnosed in older adults, the urban parish with the highest number of cases was Yanuncay (12.4%); the most prevalent histopathological type is that of non-small cells (93.5%), its adenocarcinoma subtype (54.9%), and 64.1% do not smoke. The cases that resided in areas with a higher concentration of radon (> 100 Bq / m3) were 21.6% of the population. Conclusion: areas with high exposure to residential radon had fewer cases of lung cancer.