Diseño e implementación de un protocolo de capa de aplicación para la transmisión de datos hidrometeorológicos utilizando tecnología LoRa

Abstract

Modern weather stations allow real-time monitoring for atmospheric variables. The architecturemost commonly used in the Wireless Sensor Networks WSN consists of nodes distributedthrough out the area of interest, and a gateway that is an intermediary between the nodes andthe network server. This network server is responsible for managing the network of LoRaWANdevices, allowing the presence of multiple gateways and the centralized management of theentire network. Finally, the central server delivers the data to the user through an application.In this work, it is used as an alternative of WSN, the long-range technology and low powerconsumption LoRa. Also, it is complemented with LoRaWAN for end-to-end communication.These technologies have emerged with great impetus as an option of network solutions within theIoT paradigm. LoRa and LoRaWAN offer several advantages for the development of monitoringsystems in rural environments, due to; its easy configuration, low energy consumption and widecoverage. Therefore, they are the appropriate technologies to fulfill the purposes of this work.One of the main challenges of the present work is that the area of interest only has secondgeneration mobile coverage. This implies that the gateway has as an option the use of technologyGSM/GPRS to upload the data collected by the sensors. In such a way, the gateway with thetechnology GSM/GPRS has been equipped to upload the data to the server.The main contribution of the present work is the proposal of the application layer protocolVMTP. This proposed protocol runs on LoRaWAN and handles the meteorological variablesof interest. The protocol is capable of adjust dynamically its payload based on the meteorologicalinformation it carries. This is in order to compress the maximum frame sent and as aconsequence, reduce the energy consumption of the entire system.