Caracterización de metales pesados níquel, plomo, hierro y zinc en el material particulado 2,5 del aire de la ciudad de Cuenca y su efecto tóxico sobre células ováricas de hámster chino CHO-K1

Abstract

Environmental pollution by particulate material 2.5 is one of the causes that make the development of chronic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, lung cancer among. The PM2,5 is the most important because it is the respirable fraction, which when is inhaled enters to the respiratory tract, goes through the trachea, the lungs and finally reaches the alveolar sacs. Due to its scope, it is essential to determine the composition and concentration of the particles that enter the body. It is mainly associated with the combustion of diesel in automobiles. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cellular damage produced by the aqueous extracts of PM2.5 collected in three areas of the canton of Cuenca, on the Chinese Hamster ovarian line (CHO-K1). Samples were collected using 47-mm Pallflex microcumber filters, using a low volume Partisol sampler with PM2.5 head. In addition, the chemical characterization was carried out to determine the presence of heavy metals: iron, lead, nickel, zinc, by using the ultrasound technique, with deionized water and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The type of cell damage produced by the aqueous extracts was also evaluated. By, exposing them to a concentration of 1.6 m3/ mL, using the Cometa test. In conclusion, the particulate PM2.5 material of the three studied sites of the city of Cuenca has zinc and iron as part of its composition. In addition, the points: Av. of the Américas sector Basilica, Gaspar Sangurima and Luis Cordero present genotoxic damage.