Factores asociados a Neumonía Intrahospitalaria en pacientes mayores de 18 años. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca, 2017-2018

Abstract

Background: hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is one of the leading hospital infections and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, as well as an increase in health costs. Objectives: to determine the factors associated with NIH in the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Methods: a case-control study was developed, at the rate of two controls per case, matched according to age, sex and date of hospital admission. The sample was calculated using the Epi-Info program, with diabetes being the lowest associated factor, which corresponds to 3.03% in cases and 15.7% in controls, OR 2.76 and power of 95%. For the hypothesis test, OR, 95% CI and p value were applied. Results: the majority was older than 80 years (52.4% vs. 45.2%), the mean age is 76 years in cases and 73 years in controls (p: 0.88). The poor nutritional status (OR: 6.30, p: 0.000), alteration of the state of consciousness (OR: 2.95, p: 0.007), use of sedatives (OR: 2.65) and / or antacids (OR: 1.91), use of the probe nasogastric (OR, p: 0.000); bronchoaspiration (OR: 3.29, p: 0.000), endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (OR: 2.75, CI: 1.396 - 5.442, p: 0.003) were risk factors for NIH. Prolonged hospital stay is the main associated factor (OR: 21.6, p: 0.000). Conclusions: NIH mainly affects elderly people, the main factor associated with its onset is prolonged hospital stay; the poor nutritional status, altered state of consciousness, the use of sedatives and / or antacids, bronchoaspiration, the presence of nasogastric tube, intubation and mechanical ventilation also influence